\select@language {spanish}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introducci\IeC {\'o}n a R y R-commander}{1}{chapter.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.1}Introducci\IeC {\'o}n}{1}{section.1.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.2}Instalaci\IeC {\'o}n}{2}{section.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.1}Instalaci\IeC {\'o}n de R}{2}{subsection.1.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.2.2}Instalaci\IeC {\'o}n de la interfaz gr\IeC {\'a}fica R-commander y otros paquetes}{2}{subsection.1.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.3}Arranque}{2}{section.1.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.4}Tipos de datos y operadores aritm\IeC {\'e}ticos y l\IeC {\'o}gicos}{3}{section.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.5}Introducci\IeC {\'o}n y manipulaci\IeC {\'o}n de datos}{4}{section.1.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.1}Introducci\IeC {\'o}n de datos en l\IeC {\'\i }nea de comandos}{4}{subsection.1.5.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.2}Introducci\IeC {\'o}n de datos en R-comander}{6}{subsection.1.5.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.3}Guardar datos}{6}{subsection.1.5.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.4}Abrir datos}{6}{subsection.1.5.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.5}Modificaci\IeC {\'o}n del conjunto de datos}{7}{subsection.1.5.5}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.6}Eliminaci\IeC {\'o}n de datos}{7}{subsection.1.5.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.7}Filtrado de datos}{7}{subsection.1.5.7}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.8}C\IeC {\'a}lculo de variables}{7}{subsection.1.5.8}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.5.9}Recodificaci\IeC {\'o}n de variables}{8}{subsection.1.5.9}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.6}Manipulaci\IeC {\'o}n de ficheros de resultados e instrucciones}{8}{section.1.6}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.1}Guardar los resultados}{8}{subsection.1.6.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.2}Guardar las instrucciones}{9}{subsection.1.6.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.3}Abrir un fichero de instrucciones}{9}{subsection.1.6.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.4}Guardar el entorno de trabajo}{9}{subsection.1.6.4}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {1.6.5}Cargar un entorno de trabajo}{9}{subsection.1.6.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.7}Extensi\IeC {\'o}n de Rcommander mediante plugins}{10}{section.1.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.8}Ayuda}{10}{section.1.8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1.9}Ejercicios propuestos}{12}{section.1.9}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Distribuciones de Frecuencias y Representaciones Gr\IeC {\'a}ficas}{13}{chapter.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{13}{section.2.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.1}C\IeC {\'a}lculo de Frecuencias}{13}{subsection.2.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {2.1.2}Representaciones Gr\IeC {\'a}ficas}{14}{subsection.2.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Diagrama de barras y pol\IeC {\'\i }gono de frecuencias}{15}{subsection.2.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Histogramas}{16}{figure.caption.8}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Sectores circulares o diagrama de sectores}{17}{figure.caption.9}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Diagrama de cajas y datos at\IeC {\'\i }picos}{17}{figure.caption.10}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{19}{section.2.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{21}{section.2.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Estad\IeC {\'\i }sticos Muestrales}{23}{chapter.3}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{23}{section.3.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Medidas de posici\IeC {\'o}n}{23}{subsection.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Media aritm\IeC {\'e}tica $ \overline {\unhbox \voidb@x \hbox {\textit {x}}}$}{23}{subsection.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Mediana \textit {Me}}{23}{subsection.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Moda \textit {Mo}}{24}{subsection.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Cuantiles}{24}{subsection.3.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}Medidas de dispersi\IeC {\'o}n}{24}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Rango o Recorrido \textit {Re}}{24}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Rango Intercuart\IeC {\'\i }lico \textit {RI}}{24}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Varianza $\textit {s}_\textit {x}^\textrm {2}$}{24}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Desviaci\IeC {\'o}n T\IeC {\'\i }pica $\textit {s}_\textit {x}$}{24}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coeficiente de Variaci\IeC {\'o}n de Pearson $\textit {Cv}_\textit {x}$}{25}{subsection.3.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}Medidas de forma}{25}{subsection.3.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coeficiente de asimetr\IeC {\'\i }a de Fisher $\textit {g}_\textit {1}$}{25}{subsection.3.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coeficiente de apuntamiento o curtosis $\textit {g}_\textit {2}$}{25}{subsection.3.1.3}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.4}Estad\IeC {\'\i }sticos de variables en las que se definen grupos}{26}{subsection.3.1.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{26}{section.3.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{28}{section.3.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Regresi\IeC {\'o}n Lineal Simple y Correlaci\IeC {\'o}n}{29}{chapter.4}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{29}{section.4.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Regresi\IeC {\'o}n}{29}{subsection.4.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Rectas de regresi\IeC {\'o}n}{31}{figure.caption.14}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.2}Correlaci\IeC {\'o}n}{32}{subsection.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Varianza residual}{32}{subsection.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coeficiente de determinaci\IeC {\'o}n}{33}{subsection.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coeficiente de determinaci\IeC {\'o}n lineal}{34}{subsection.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Coeficiente de correlaci\IeC {\'o}n}{34}{subsection.4.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Fiabilidad de las predicciones}{34}{figure.caption.17}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{36}{section.4.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{40}{section.4.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Regresi\IeC {\'o}n no lineal}{43}{chapter.5}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{43}{section.5.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{45}{section.5.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{48}{section.5.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Variables Aleatorias Discretas}{49}{chapter.6}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{49}{section.6.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.1}Variables Aleatorias}{49}{subsection.6.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.1.2}Variables Aleatorias Discretas (v.a.d.)}{49}{subsection.6.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Funci\IeC {\'o}n de probabilidad}{49}{subsection.6.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Funci\IeC {\'o}n de distribuci\IeC {\'o}n}{49}{subsection.6.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Estad\IeC {\'\i }sticos poblacionales}{50}{figure.caption.19}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Variable Binomial}{50}{figure.caption.19}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Variable de Poisson}{51}{figure.caption.20}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{53}{section.6.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{56}{section.6.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Variables Aleatorias Continuas}{57}{chapter.7}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{57}{section.7.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.1}Variables Aleatorias}{57}{subsection.7.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.1.2}Variables Aleatorias Continuas (v.a.c.)}{57}{subsection.7.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Funci\IeC {\'o}n de densidad}{57}{subsection.7.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Funci\IeC {\'o}n de distribuci\IeC {\'o}n}{58}{figure.caption.22}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Estad\IeC {\'\i }sticos poblacionales}{58}{figure.caption.22}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Distribuci\IeC {\'o}n Uniforme Continua}{59}{figure.caption.22}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Distribuci\IeC {\'o}n Normal}{59}{figure.caption.23}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Distribuci\IeC {\'o}n Chi-cuadrado}{59}{figure.caption.24}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Distribuci\IeC {\'o}n $T$ de Student}{61}{figure.caption.25}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Distribuci\IeC {\'o}n $F$ de Fisher-Snedecor}{61}{figure.caption.26}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{63}{section.7.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{67}{section.7.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Intervalos de Confianza para Medias y Proporciones}{69}{chapter.8}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{69}{section.8.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1.1}Inferencia Estad\IeC {\'\i }stica y Estimaci\IeC {\'o}n de Par\IeC {\'a}metros}{69}{subsection.8.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {8.1.2}Intervalos de Confianza}{69}{subsection.8.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalos de confianza para la media}{70}{figure.caption.28}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la media de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n normal con varianza conocida en muestras de cualquier tama\IeC {\~n}o}{71}{figure.caption.28}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la media de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n normal con varianza desconocida en muestras de cualquier tama\IeC {\~n}o}{71}{figure.caption.29}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la media de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n no normal, varianza conocida y muestras grandes ($n\geq 30$)}{72}{figure.caption.29}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la media de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n no normal, varianza desconocida y muestras grandes ($n\geq 30$)}{72}{figure.caption.29}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalos de confianza para la proporci\IeC {\'o}n poblacional $p$}{72}{figure.caption.29}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{74}{section.8.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{76}{section.8.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}Intervalos de Confianza para la Comparaci\IeC {\'o}n de 2 Poblaciones}{79}{chapter.9}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{79}{section.9.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.1.1}Inferencia Estad\IeC {\'\i }stica y Estimaci\IeC {\'o}n de Par\IeC {\'a}metros}{79}{subsection.9.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {9.1.2}Intervalos de Confianza}{79}{subsection.9.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalos de confianza para la diferencia de medias}{80}{subsection.9.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la diferencia de dos medias en poblaciones normales, con varianzas poblacionales conocidas, independientemente del tama\IeC {\~n}o de la muestra}{80}{subsection.9.1.2}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la diferencia de dos medias en poblaciones normales, con varianzas poblacionales desconocidas, independientemente del tama\IeC {\~n}o de la muestra}{81}{figure.caption.30}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de confianza para la diferencia de dos medias en poblaciones no normales, y muestras grandes ($n_{1}\geq 30$ y $n_{2}\geq 30$)}{82}{figure.caption.30}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalos de confianza para la media de la diferencia en datos emparejados}{82}{figure.caption.30}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalos de confianza para la diferencia de dos proporciones poblacionales $p_1$ y $p_2$}{83}{figure.caption.30}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Intervalo de Confianza para la Raz\IeC {\'o}n de dos Varianzas $\sigma _{1}^{2}$ y $\sigma _{2}^{2}$ de Poblaciones Normales}{83}{figure.caption.30}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{84}{section.9.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{86}{section.9.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Contraste de Hip\IeC {\'o}tesis}{87}{chapter.10}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{87}{section.10.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.1.1}Inferencia Estad\IeC {\'\i }stica y Contrastes de Hip\IeC {\'o}tesis}{87}{subsection.10.1.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.1.2}Tipos de Contrastes de Hip\IeC {\'o}tesis}{87}{subsection.10.1.2}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.1.3}Elementos de un Contraste}{87}{subsection.10.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Hip\IeC {\'o}tesis Nula e Hip\IeC {\'o}tesis Alternativa}{87}{subsection.10.1.3}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Errores en un Contraste. Nivel de significaci\IeC {\'o}n y Potencia}{88}{ejemplo.5}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Estad\IeC {\'\i }stico del Contraste y Regiones de Aceptaci\IeC {\'o}n y Rechazo}{89}{figure.caption.32}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{El $p$-Valor de un Contraste}{90}{figure.caption.34}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contrastes y Estad\IeC {\'\i }sticos de Contraste}{92}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la media de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n normal con varianza conocida}{92}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la media de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n normal con varianza desconocida}{92}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la proporci\IeC {\'o}n en muestras grandes y distribuciones sim\IeC {\'e}tricas (tanto $np$ como $n(1-p)$ deben ser mayores que 5)}{93}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la varianza de una poblaci\IeC {\'o}n normal}{93}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la diferencia de medias de poblaciones normales con varianzas conocidas}{93}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la diferencia de medias de poblaciones normales con varianzas desconocidas}{93}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la diferencia de proporciones en muestras grandes y distribuciones sim\IeC {\'e}tricas ($n_1p_1$, $n_1(1-p_1)$, $n_2p_2$, $n_2(1-p_2)$ deben ser mayores que 5)}{94}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Contraste para la igualdad de varianzas de poblaciones normales}{94}{figure.caption.35}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{95}{section.10.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{99}{section.10.3}
\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {11}An\IeC {\'a}lisis de la Varianza de 1 Factor}{101}{chapter.11}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.1}Fundamentos te\IeC {\'o}ricos}{101}{section.11.1}
\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {11.1.1}Notaci\IeC {\'o}n, Modelo y Contraste}{101}{subsection.11.1.1}
\contentsline {subsubsection}{Tabla de ANOVA}{103}{subsection.11.1.1}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.2}Ejercicios resueltos}{105}{section.11.2}
\contentsline {section}{\numberline {11.3}Ejercicios propuestos}{106}{section.11.3}
